13:24:39 From  Ted Manning  to  Everyone:
	https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/eccc/documents/pdf/climate-change/erp/Canada-2030-Emissions-Reduction-Plan-eng.pdf

13:43:46 From  Raymond Leury  to  Everyone:
	https://www.nfu.ca/publications/a-new-comprehensive-assessment-ghg-emissions-canada-2022/

13:52:15 From  Anitra Thorhaug  to  Everyone:
	If it makes anyone feel better, the Koch brothers are considered big polluters even in Texas by the  US.

13:52:55 From  Peter Bulkowski  to  Everyone:
	Graph shows absolute emissions.  Can you provide the equivalent graphs for emissions per unit of produced food?

13:53:07 From  John Meyer  to  Everyone:
	Great study of land use and abuse through human history by Lowdermilk "Conquest of the Land Through 7000 Years"  https://nrcspad.sc.egov.usda.gov/distributioncenter/pdf.aspx?productID=109

13:53:45 From  Raymond Leury  to  Everyone:
	Recent studies show that Chinese rice farming over the last many thousands of years has had considerable influence on our climate because of the corresponding methane emissions.

13:56:21 From  John Meyer  to  Everyone:
	William Ruddiman also produced a book on atmosphere changes by humans "Ploughs Plagues and Petroleum"

13:57:31 From  Raymond Leury  to  Everyone:
	Any comments on agrivoltaics and their applicability in Canada?

14:05:46 From  John Meyer  to  Everyone:
	Question:  We need an overarching agricultural metric like the energy metric EROI - energy returned on energy invested.  Do we have the numbers to produce CREI - Calories Returned on Energy Invested?

14:06:26 From  Mike Nickerson  to  Everyone:
	What portion of nutrients actually end up in rivers and oceans?  I had thought much (some) of it was land-filled or possibly recycled.

14:08:07 From  Dave Dougherty  to  Everyone:
	How has nutrient runoff influenced the development and expansion of dead zones in oceanic estuaries?

14:10:17 From  Ted Manning  to  Everyone:
	One of the most studied cases in the Great Lakes - where runoff was the principal pollutant.  The Great Lakes program is now seen as one of the most successful in addressing it.. with most of the work done onshore and by the farm practices.

14:12:24 From  William Rees  to  Everyone:
	It's all about "overshoot" -- too much in = depletion; too much out = pollution.  End result = contraction or collapse (or return to much smaller circular flows).

14:15:23 From  Vic Buxton  to  Everyone:
	Are You familiar with Mustgrow Biologic Corp. and their claims that they sell natural agricultural defence mechanism for treatment of diseases, pests and weeds in the agricultural sector?

14:18:54 From  William Rees  to  Everyone:
	The exponential material/pollution flows mirror human population growth and income growth, i.e., again it's all about human ecological overshoot.

14:23:53 From  William Rees  to  Everyone:
	Small caveat:  both worn-out  wind turbines and defunct solar panels are becoming major parts of waste streams--they are replaceable but not truly renewable.

14:24:03 From  Mike Nickerson  to  Everyone:
	Circular, Solar and the by-product: our lives and what we can do with them.

14:26:15 From  Dave Dougherty  to  Everyone:
	What alternatives are most promising for converting energy use in agriculture away from fossil fuels?

14:34:29 From  Peter MacKinnon  to  Everyone:
	Superb presentation.  Thanks. My Q: within the context of cites, in particular Smart Cities, there is considerable discussion about operating as a circular economy including growing local food on roof tops etc.  Moreover, cities are the major source of GHGs globally(e.g., greater than 65%).  What do you see as a future for food production within cities as part of the circular economy and impact on GHG production and consumption?  Thanks.  I really liked your presentation.

14:35:02 From  John Mcclintock  to  Everyone:
	I have a question about horses on farms

14:35:59 From  William Rees  to  Everyone:
	Hypothesis:  High-input high-output systems are necessary to support eight billion people; a flat-lining sustainable circular system will not support the same gross level of production and therefore not the same population and material standard of living.

14:37:53 From  miranda  to  Everyone:
	what future steps are you hoping to take to implement a circular farming economy, how do you foresee it scaling to a global or national level? How can consumers support this transition?

14:38:26 From  Lynn Kavanagh (she/her), World Animal Protection  to  Everyone:
	I'm sure many people are familiar with this paper, but in case not: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216

14:47:39 From  Mike Nickerson  to  Everyone:
	More focus on life-based activity makes it easier to live within the Circular and Solar sustainability.

14:51:25 From  Jim Dyer  to  Everyone:
	Darrin just hit on the most viable pathway - how we get protein. In Canada half of our arable is used to feed livestock.

14:52:10 From  Jim Dyer  to  Everyone:
	make that arable "land"

14:52:30 From  Raymond Leury  to  Everyone:
	@Jim, about 1/3 of corn in the US is used to make methanol as a fuel additive...

14:58:08 From  John Mcclintock  to  Everyone:
	Hi, I have a couple of questions if there is still time, John McClintock

14:59:45 From  Mike Nickerson  to  Everyone:
	Horray for food-land around cities !

15:02:11 From  Dave Dougherty  to  Everyone:
	I can only imagine the howls that would flow from the developers if cities bought up lands they have traditionally held to turn into suburban areas.

15:03:37 From  Jack Alpert  www@skil.org  to  Everyone:
	I hope everyone has a number for “who gets injured and when?   It could be the basis of this conversation.

15:04:24 From  Ted Manning  to  Everyone:
	Note that the BC Agricultural Land REserve has held up surprisingly well despite very strong demand for growth - while there is  a major impact re land prices for any purposes, it is still possible to get much of your food from a short distance from Vancouer.  Not so for most other cities in Canada  - at least in part because of climatic issues.

15:07:21 From  Ralph Martin  to  Everyone:
	Important to consider that ruminants eat grass which we cannot eat

15:08:51 From  miranda  to  Everyone:
	horses are also farmed for their meat in some provinces, like quebec

15:09:31 From  William Rees  to  Everyone:
	Excellent talk and discussion. Gotta go.

15:11:01 From  John Meyer  to  Everyone:
	"I can only imagine the howls from developers … '  I don't think they would be howling, they would be telling the politicians to who they give huge amounts of money, that good development land won't be wasted on farms!

15:11:23 From  Raymond Leury  to  Everyone:
	An electric tractor with a swappable battery would allow the elimination of diesel for tractors

15:12:19 From  Mike Nickerson  to  Everyone:
	If human and animal energy isn’t involved, the alternatives are mechanical devices and chemicals.  Best for us to practice growing things.

15:12:35 From  Raymond Leury  to  Everyone:
	Cummins is working on electric powertrains, so we will get there soon...

15:12:47 From  Ted Manning  to  Everyone:
	Note that tractors work normally close to their home, where plugging in an electric one would be easy.

15:15:08 From  Dave Dougherty  to  Everyone:
	FYI there are already electric farm tractors on the market.

15:16:29 From  Raymond Leury  to  Everyone:
	@Dave, my understanding is that are quite popular in the Netherlands in particular

15:32:47 From  Mike Nickerson  to  Everyone:
	It was one of humanities biggest mistakes to take something essential to the soil and put it in water where it is a problem.